For solid psychology,
The Luscher Colour Test by Max Luscher is a good place to begin. The book came out in the '70s and can be found quite cheap second-hand. In it Luscher discusses the meaning of the eight psychologically basic colours (red, blue, green, yellow, brown, purple, grey, black) singly and in combination.
The traditional occult colour correspondences agree well with Luscher's psychological interpretations. I would say this shows the validity of the underlying theories -- this really is how the human brain works when thinking about colours.
If you want to try the Luscher Colour Test for yourself, go here:
http://www.saunalahti.fi/jawap/colour/colortest.html
Decide which is your favourite colour and click on it, then your favourite of what's left, and so on. You MUST think of the colours just as pure colours, NOT as if trying to decide on clothes or wallpaper or cars or any other particular objects.
When you've gone through all the colours, you'll be asked to do it again. This is not a memory test. Don't deliberately try to duplicate your previous answers. On the other hand, don't deliberately be different. Answer as if you never did it before.
The test is so quick and easy to take that you might be surprised at how deeply it probes. One thing to remember is that the answers apply to you only in the here and now, not necessarily as permanent aspects of your personality.